Helmet rules in California depend on what you ride and how old you are. A motorcycle rider has one rule, while a teen on a bicycle has another. Electric bikes and scooters add more layers. California helmet laws can be confusing, so this article sorts them by type of rider.
It stays general and focuses on the main rules. Laws change from time to time, so check the current Vehicle Code text before relying on any summary.
Motorcycles, Mopeds and Motorized Bicycles
Vehicle Code section 27803 sets the rule for motorcycles. It requires drivers and passengers on motorcycles, motor driven cycles and motorized bicycles to wear a safety helmet. The helmet must meet federal motorcycle helmet safety standards.
This rule applies to every rider, regardless of age. You can read Vehicle Code section 27803 on the state legislature site.
Mopeds often fall within these categories too. The exact classification depends on the vehicle, so check the definitions in the Vehicle Code.
Bicycles and Riders Under Eighteen
Vehicle Code section 21212 covers younger riders. In general, a person under eighteen must wear a properly fitted and fastened helmet when riding a bicycle, a nonmotorized scooter or a skateboard, or when using in line or roller skates. The rule also covers riding as a passenger on a bicycle.
Adults on regular bicycles are not required by state law to wear a helmet. Still, many safety groups encourage it. Some local rules or event rules may also require helmets.
California Helmet Laws for Electric Bicycles
Electric bicycles come in three classes. Helmet rules depend on the class and the rider’s age.
- Riders of any age on a class three electric bicycle must wear a helmet under Vehicle Code section 21213.
- Riders under eighteen on any bicycle, including class one and class two electric bicycles, fall under section 21212.
- Adults on class one or class two electric bicycles are not required by state law to wear a helmet.
Class three electric bicycles also have age limits for riders. Check the current rules before letting a teen ride one.
Motorized Scooters
Motorized scooters, such as many rental scooters, follow Vehicle Code section 21235. In general, riders under eighteen must wear a helmet. Adults are not required by state law to wear one on a motorized scooter.
Scooter rental companies may have their own rules in their user terms. In addition, local rules may limit where scooters may be ridden or parked.
Why California Helmet Laws Matter After a Crash
Helmet use can come up in an injury claim. A helmet does not cause or prevent a crash, so it usually has little to do with who caused it. However, an insurer may argue that a missing helmet made a head injury worse.
California uses comparative fault. So that argument, if proven, may reduce damages for certain injuries. The article on helmet use and injury claims explains how these disputes work.
Helmet Fit and Certification
A helmet only works if it fits and meets safety standards. For motorcycles, look for a label showing it meets the federal standard. For bicycles, look for a label showing it meets the bicycle helmet standard.
Replace any helmet after a crash, even if it looks fine. Damage inside the foam may not be visible. However, keep the damaged helmet if an injury claim may follow, since it can be evidence.
Head Injury Prevention
Helmets lower the risk of serious head injuries. The CDC offers information on brain injury prevention for riders and families. Children benefit from good habits early, such as wearing a helmet every ride.
Citations for Young Riders
A rider who breaks a helmet rule may receive a citation. The citation explains the next steps and names the court that handles it. So read it closely and respond by the date listed. Parents of young riders should keep a copy of the citation and any court letters.
California Helmet Laws for Passengers and Families
Passengers follow helmet rules too. A passenger on a motorcycle must wear a helmet under section 27803. A child riding as a passenger on a bicycle, such as in a child seat, falls under section 21212.
Families often share bikes and scooters. So it helps to keep a properly fitted helmet for each rider. Children’s helmets need adjustment as they grow, and straps should sit snugly under the chin.
Rental programs add a twist. For example, a rental scooter may not come with a helmet, yet riders under eighteen still need one. In addition, parents may face questions if they allow a young child to ride without one. Knowing California helmet laws before a family ride helps avoid both safety risks and citations.
Helmet Rules on Trails and in Parks
State helmet rules apply on public roads, bike paths and trails in the same way for the covered riders. Some parks and trail managers also post their own rules. For example, a bike park or a mountain bike event may require helmets for all riders.
Check posted signs before riding in a new place. Also, organized rides and races usually require helmets in their entry terms.
The article on California motorcycle permit restrictions covers rules for new riders. The California road rules hub lists more articles on traffic laws.
This article is general information, not legal advice. Laws and deadlines change and every case is different. Talk with a licensed California attorney about your situation.